1 Samuel 2:18

Authorized King James Version

But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕ל
But Samuel
shemuel, the name of three israelites
#2
מְשָׁרֵ֖ת
ministered
to attend as a menial or worshipper; figuratively, to contribute to
#3
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
פְּנֵ֣י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#5
יְהוָ֑ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#6
נַ֕עַר
being a child
(concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latit
#7
חָג֖וּר
girded
to gird on (as a belt, armor, etc.)
#8
אֵפ֥וֹד
ephod
a girdle; specifically the ephod or highpriest's shoulder-piece; also generally, an image
#9
בָּֽד׃
with a linen
flaxen thread or yarn; hence, a linen garment

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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